Nge-31 ka-Okthobha ka-2008, i-ID esayinwe nguSatoshi Nakamoto wayisombulula le ngxaki ngephepha elinamaphepha ali-9 ngendlela yokundibhatala kumnatha wonxibelelwano ongaziwayo.

Ngoku siyazi ukuba indoda engaqondakaliyo eyaziwa ngokuba nguSatoshi Nakamoto kunye nalawo maphepha asithoba adalwe ngumoya omncinci olingana ne-100 yezigidigidi zeRMB kwi-bitcoin kunye netekhnoloji eyinika amandla, ibhloko ye-blockchain.

Ngaphandle kweqela lesithathu elithembakeleyo, eyona ngxaki inkulu kukuba akukho namnye kuthi onokuthembela omnye komnye, ke kwihlabathi le-blockchain, ukuhanjiswa kuya kufuneka kusasazwe ukuze wonke umntu ayazi imbali yedola nganye nganye kuye wonke umntu inethiwekhi. Abantu baya kuqinisekisa ukuba le yinto endiyithethileyo ngesiginitsha ye-elektroniki, emva koko ndibeke udluliselo kwileja. Le ledger ibhloko. Ukudibanisa iibhloko kunye yi-blockchain. Irekhoda konke ukuthengiselana kweBitcoin ukusukela ekuqaleni kwayo ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, kwaye ngoku kukho malunga neebhloko ezingama-600,000, ezinamawaka amabini okanye amathathu eentengiselwano ezirekhodwe kwibhloko nganye, kwaye yonke iakhawunti, kubandakanya neyakho neyam, ikhumbula ngqo ukuba ingakanani imali, isuka apho ichithwe khona, kwaye icacile kwaye ivulekile.

Kwinethiwekhi ye-blockchain, wonke umntu ubambe ileja efanayo kunye nexesha lokwenyani elihlaziyiweyo. Akumangalisi ukuba ukuthembeka kweleja lilitye lembombo lemali yedijithali, kwaye ukuba ileja ayikho mthethweni, akukho mali izakusebenza kakuhle.

Kodwa oku kuphakamisa imibuzo emibini emitsha: ngubani ogcina iincwadi zakhe wonke umntu? Uqinisekisa njani ukuba iincwadi azenzelwanga ubuxoki?

Ukuba wonke umntu angayigcina incwadi yeleja, intengiselwano kunye nokulandelelana kwemicimbi egcinwe kwibloko nganye kungohluka, kwaye ukuba bekukho izinto ezibhalwe ngabom, bekuya kuba shushu ngakumbi. Akunakwenzeka ukuba ufumane i-ledger eyamkelekileyo kuwo wonke umntu.

Ke umntu ogcina iincwadi kufuneka enze ukuba wonke umntu azamkele ukuze zonke iincwadi zifanane. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba yindlela yokuvumelana.

Namhlanje kukho zonke iintlobo zeendlela ezahlukeneyo zemvumelwano yeebhloko ezahlukeneyo, kwaye isisombululo sikaSatoshi kukwenza ingxaki. Owenza impendulo kuqala unelungelo lokuzigcina iincwadi. Oomatshini babizwa ngokuba yi-PoW: Ubungqina-bomsebenzi, ubungqina bobunzima bomsebenzi.

Uhlobo lobungqina bomthwalo womsebenzi luphelele, kwaye amandla e-arithmetic isixhobo sakho anaso, kokukhona amathuba okufumana impendulo.

Ukwenza oku, kusetyenziswa i-hash encryption.

Thatha i-SHA256 algorithm umzekelo, nawuphi na umtya wabalinganiswa abhalwe ngokufihlakeleyo kunye nawo uvelisa umtya owahlukileyo wenani elingu-256-bit amanani. Ukuba igalelo lwantlandlolo litshintshiwe nangayiphi na indlela, inombolo ebhalwe nge-hash iya kwahluka ngokupheleleyo.

Uhlobo lobungqina bomthwalo womsebenzi luphelele, kwaye amandla e-arithmetic isixhobo sakho anaso, kokukhona amathuba okufumana impendulo.

Ukwenza oku, kusetyenziswa i-hash encryption.

Thatha i-SHA256 algorithm umzekelo, nawuphi na umtya wabalinganiswa abhalwe ngokufihlakeleyo kunye nawo uvelisa umtya owahlukileyo wenani elingu-256-bit amanani. Ukuba igalelo lwantlandlolo litshintshiwe nangayiphi na indlela, inombolo ebhalwe nge-hash iya kwahluka ngokupheleleyo.

Uhlobo lobungqina bomthwalo womsebenzi luphelele, kwaye amandla e-arithmetic isixhobo sakho anaso, kokukhona amathuba okufumana impendulo.

Ukwenza oku, kusetyenziswa i-hash encryption.

Thatha i-SHA256 algorithm umzekelo, nawuphi na umtya wabalinganiswa abhalwe ngokufihlakeleyo kunye nawo uvelisa umtya owahlukileyo wenani elingu-256-bit amanani. Ukuba igalelo lwantlandlolo litshintshiwe nangayiphi na indlela, inombolo ebhalwe nge-hash iya kwahluka ngokupheleleyo.

Uhlobo lobungqina bomthwalo womsebenzi luphelele, kwaye amandla e-arithmetic isixhobo sakho anaso, kokukhona amathuba okufumana impendulo.

Ukwenza oku, kusetyenziswa i-hash encryption.

Thatha i-SHA256 algorithm umzekelo, nawuphi na umtya wabalinganiswa abhalwe ngokufihlakeleyo kunye nawo uvelisa umtya owahlukileyo wenani elingu-256-bit amanani. Ukuba igalelo lwantlandlolo litshintshiwe nangayiphi na indlela, inombolo ebhalwe nge-hash iya kwahluka ngokupheleleyo.

Uhlobo lobungqina bomthwalo womsebenzi luphelele, kwaye amandla e-arithmetic isixhobo sakho anaso, kokukhona amathuba okufumana impendulo.

Ukwenza oku, kusetyenziswa i-hash encryption.

Thatha i-SHA256 algorithm umzekelo, nawuphi na umtya wabalinganiswa abhalwe ngokufihlakeleyo kunye nawo uvelisa umtya owahlukileyo wenani elingu-256-bit amanani. Ukuba igalelo lwantlandlolo litshintshiwe nangayiphi na indlela, inombolo ebhalwe nge-hash iya kwahluka ngokupheleleyo

Xa sivula ibhloko, sinokubona inani leentengiselwano ezirekhodwe kuloo bhloko, iinkcukacha zentengiselwano, ibhloko yentloko kunye nolunye ulwazi.

Intloko yebhloko yileyibhile yebhloko enolwazi olufana nesitampampampu, ingcambu yomthi weMerk, inombolo engacwangciswanga kunye ne-hash yebhlokhi yangaphambili, kwaye ukwenza ukubalwa kwesibini kwe-SHA256 kwintloko yebhloko kuya kusinika hashi yale bhlokhi.

Ukugcina umkhondo, kuya kufuneka upakishe ulwazi olwahlukeneyo kwibhlokhi, emva koko uguqule le nombolo engahleliwe kwi-header yebhlokhi ukuze ixabiso lokufaka linokuhluthwa ukuze lifumane ixabiso le-hash apho amanani okuqala angama-0 emva kokubala kwe-hash .

Ngokwenyani zimbini kuphela izinto ezinokubakho zedijithi nganye: 1 kunye no-0, ke amathuba okuphumelela kutshintsho ngalunye kwinani elingacwangciswanga ngu-nth omnye ku-2. Umzekelo, ukuba ngu-1, oko kukuthi, ukuba nje inani lokuqala 0, ke amathuba okuphumelela yi-1 ngaphandle kwe-2.

Amandla e-computing akhoyo kwinethiwekhi, ii-zeros ezininzi kufuneka zibaliwe, kwaye ubunzima bomsebenzi kukungqina.

Namhlanje, n kwinethiwekhi yeBitcoin imalunga ne-76, nenqanaba lempumelelo ye-1 kwisahlulo sama-76 nge-2, okanye phantse i-1 kwi-755 trillion.

Ngekhadi lemizobo le- $ 8,000 RTX 2080Ti, yiminyaka eli-1407 ukubala.

Akululanga ukufumana izibalo ngokuchanekileyo, kodwa nje ukuba wenze njalo, wonke umntu unokuqinisekisa kwangoko ukuba ulungile. Ukuba ichanekile ngenene, wonke umntu uya kudibanisa ibhloko kwileja kwaye aqale ukupakisha kwibhloko elandelayo.

Ngale ndlela, wonke umntu kwinethiwekhi une-ledger efanayo, yexesha lokwenyani elihlaziyiweyo.

Kwaye ukugcina wonke umntu ekhuthazekile ukwenza ugcino lweencwadi, indawo yokuqala yokugqiba ukupakisha ibhloko iya kuvuzwa yinkqubo, ngoku eyi-12.5 bitcoins, okanye phantse i-600,000 RMB. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yimigodi.

Kwelinye icala, ukunqanda ukuphazanyiswa yileja, ibhloko nganye entsha eyongeziweyo kufuneka irekhode ixabiso le-hash yebhlokhi yangaphambili, ekwabizwa ngokuba sisikhombisi se-hash, kwintloko yebhloko. Isikhombisi esingaphambili esiya kuthi ekugqibeleni sikhombe kwibhloko yokuqala yokusekwa, ngokudibanisa zonke iibhloko ngokudibeneyo.

Ukuba uguqula naliphi na abalinganiswa kuyo nayiphi na ibhloko, utshintsha ixabiso le-hash yelo bhlokhi, wenze ukuba isikhombisi se-hash esilandelayo senze ibhloko.

Ke kuya kufuneka uguqule isikhombisi se-hash sebhloko elandelayo, kodwa loo nto ichaphazele ixabiso le-hash yelo bhlokhi, ke kuya kufuneka uphinde ubale inani elingahleliwe, kwaye emva kokugqiba ukubala, kuya kufuneka uguqule ibhloko elandelayo yelo bhloko de ube uhlengahlengise zonke iibhloko emva kwebhlokhi, enzima kakhulu.

Oku kwenza ukuba kube nzima ukuba umgcini-zincwadi akwazi ukugcina umkhondo weenkohliso nokuba ebefuna. Ngenxa yesiginitsha ye-elektroniki, umgcini-zincwadi akakwazi ukwenza intshintshelo esuka komnye umntu iye kuye, kwaye ngenxa yembali yencwadi, akanakutshintsha isixa semali ngaphandle komoya ombi.

Kodwa oku kuphakamisa umbuzo omtsha: ukuba ngaba abantu ababini bagqiba izibalo ngaxeshanye kwaye bapakisha ibhloko entsha, ngubani ekufuneka bemamele?

Impendulo kukuba ngubani na omde ngokwaneleyo ukuba angamamela, kwaye ngoku wonke umntu unokupakisha emva kweebhloko zombini. Umzekelo, ukuba umntu wokuqala ogqiba ukubala kumjikelo olandelayo ukhetha ukunxibelelana no-B, ke ikhonkco le-B liya kuba lide kwaye wonke umntu uya kuba nakho ukudibanisa no-B.

Ngaphakathi kweebhloko ezintandathu zokupakisha, ophumeleleyo uhlala ehleli, kwaye urhwebo lweshishini oluyekisiweyo luyarhoxiswa kwaye lubuyiselwe echibini lokurhweba ukuze lipakishwe.

Kodwa kuba ingoyena mntu mde omamela nabani na ongoyena mde, ukuba nje ungabala ngcono kunaye wonke umntu, kwaye amandla akho okubala angaphezulu kwama-51%, ungazibonela ngokwakho elona khonkco lide, emva koko ulawule ileja .

Ngoko ke amandla amakhulu ekhompyuter abasebenzi basezimayini kwihlabathi leBitcoin, kokukhona wonke umntu kufuneka abale, ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mntu unokulawula ileja.

Kodwa ezinye iibhlokhi ezinabathathi-nxaxheba abambalwa azihambi kakuhle, njengokuhlaselwa kwe-51% kwimali yedijithali ebizwa ngokuba yiBitcoin Gold ngoMeyi 15, 2018.

Abahlaseli baqale batshintshela iigolide zabo ezixabisa i-10 lezigidi kutshintshiselwano, kwaye olu tshintshelo lwabhalwa kwibloko A. Abahlaseli bakwazile ukugqithisela imali yabo kwizigidi zeedola ezili-10 kutshintshiselwano. Kwangelo xesha, umhlaseli walungisa ngokufihlakeleyo ibhloko B apho ugqithiso lungazange lwenzeke khona wabala ibhloko entsha emva kwebhlokhi B. Umhlaseli naye walungisa ngokufihlakeleyo ibhloko B apho ugqithiso lungazange lwenzeke khona.

Nje ukuba ukugqithiselwa kwityathanga kuqinisekiswe, umhlaseli unokurhoxisa igolide encinci kutshintshiselwano. Kodwa ekubeni amandla ekhompyuter yomhlaseli ingu-51% omkhulu kunayo yonke inethiwekhi, ikhonkco le-B ekugqibeleni liya kuba lide kunetsheyini eli-A, kwaye ngokukhulula ikhonkco elide le-B kuyo yonke inethiwekhi, imbali iya kubhalwa ngokutsha, i-B chain iya kuthatha indawo Ikhonkco njengeyona khonkco iphambili yokwenyani, kunye nokudluliselwa kutshintshiselwano kwiBhloko A kuya kurhoxiswa, ukufumana umhlaseli izigidi ezili-10 ngelize.

Namhlanje, eyona ndlela ilula yomntu ophakathi ngaphandle kwamandla e-arithmetic yokufumana imali yedijithali kukuyithenga kutshintshiselwano kwaye uyirhoxise kwidilesi yakho yesipaji.

Le dilesi ivela kwikhiye wakho wabucala, obhalwe ngokufihliweyo, kwaye isitshixo sikawonke-wonke, esibhaliweyo, sifumana idilesi.

Kwinethiwekhi engaziwayo njenge-blockchain, kuphela sisitshixo sangasese esinokungqina ukuba nguwe, kwaye ukuba udluliso lukhatshwa ngumsayino we-elektroniki oveliswe sisitshixo sakho sabucala, wonke umntu unokuqinisekisa ukuba ugqithiso lusemthethweni. Ke ukuba isitshixo sangasese sonakalisiwe, nabani na angazenza ngathi inguye athumele imali.